Overview of the Success of In Vitro Culture for Ex Situ Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Endemic and Subendemic Native Plants of Romania

Romania has a relatively high diversity of plant species, including 3829 vascular and 979 non-vascular spontaneous taxa (species subspecies). Due to uncontrolled harvesting as well other causes, climate change ecological collapse, the speed species extinction narrowing genetic base resources been reported critical issue. Therefore, national Red List Romanian flora includes 1453 threatened taxa, which 95 are endemic 90 subendemic. Many these have ornamental, medicinal–cosmetic, and/or aromatic properties. The risk valuable plants stimulated both reconsideration their vital importance interest in finding effective methods for conservation. Cultivating phytogenetic human-controlled environment is ex situ conservation, can further serve sustainable exploitation needs may facilitate conservation actions. In vitro culture powerful tool producing elite cultivation different purposes. This review summarizes current knowledge on multiplication 22 subendemic native Romania, examining materials used, treatments applied, results obtained each stage micropropagation protocol (culture initiation, proliferation, rooting, acclimatization). findings from reviewed studies presented comparative way, potential tissue outlined.